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Is Hair Loss Genetic / Hereditary?

Hair loss is a subject many shy away from, but the reality is, it's more common than we might think. If you’re one of the millions of men or women experiencing hair thinning or baldness, you may have asked yourself, “Is hair loss genetic?” In truth, genetics play a substantial role, but other factors like hormones and environmental triggers can exacerbate the situation. Understanding how these elements intertwine is key to grasping why hair loss happens and what you can do about it.

Hair Loss Genetic

Understanding Hereditary Hair Loss

Just to clear up definitions to start: Genetic means it's due to your genes, Hereditary means you inherit it in your genes from your parents / grandparents, so both mean very similar things.

Genetic hair loss, often called androgenetic alopecia, is the most prevalent form of hair loss and affects both men and women. It’s sometimes referred to as male pattern baldness (MPB) in men and female pattern baldness (FPB) in women. But while the root cause—genetics—is the same, how hair loss manifests can differ between the sexes. Men typically notice a receding hairline or thinning at the crown, whereas women often see a gradual thinning around the central part of the scalp.

The statistics paint a clear picture. In the UK, about 6.5 million men and 8 million women are estimated to suffer from hair loss at some stage in their lives. That’s a staggering number of individuals navigating the emotional and physical implications of this condition.

The AR Gene: A Major Player in Hair Loss


The androgen receptor (AR) gene plays a pivotal role in genetic hair loss. This gene influences how our body responds to androgens—hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—which are closely linked to hair loss. In men, an increased sensitivity to DHT can shrink hair follicles, leading to thinning hair and eventually baldness. Your body produces DHT as a by-product from breaking down the testosterone hormone, so about 10% of the testosterone you have every day is turned into DHT.


Women also have androgen receptors, but they typically produce a lot less testosterone, so the hair loss process is often more gradual and less extreme.


While the AR gene increases the risk of hair loss, it’s not the sole factor. Hormonal changes and environmental stressors can speed up the process or make it more noticeable. It’s also important to remember that hair loss due to androgenetic alopecia is permanent, meaning the affected follicles won't regrow hair without intervention, such as a hair transplant, no amount of any product you see advertised, especially on social media is likely to cause significant regrowth. There are products that can slow down the rate of loss, and in some cases stop it altogether though. 


So your individual sensitivity to the DHT hormone via your androgen receptors is key, if you've inherited genes that mean you have a high sensitivity then you're more likely to have male / female pattern baldness, if you have low sensitivity then you are less likely.

Male and Female Pattern Baldness: A Closer Look


For men, male pattern baldness usually begins in the mid-20s, although it can start earlier. It typically progresses in a predictable pattern, with hair thinning at the temples and crown. Some men may notice a receding hairline as one of the first signs. Over time, these areas of thinning can merge, leading to more extensive baldness.


Women, on the other hand, experience a more diffuse pattern of hair loss. Female pattern baldness doesn’t usually involve a receding hairline. Instead, it’s characterised by thinning over the top of the head, with the parting becoming noticeably wider. While less dramatic than male baldness, it can still have a significant emotional impact.

Can Stress Worsen Genetic Hair Loss?

Absolutely. Stress is a key environmental factor that can exacerbate hair loss. When we’re stressed, our bodies produce hormones like cortisol, which can interfere with the hair growth cycle. Stress can lead to a condition called telogen effluvium, where hair sheds faster than it should. If you’re already predisposed to genetic hair loss, this could accelerate the process.

Poor nutrition, often associated with stress, can also play a part. When we’re not eating a balanced diet, our hair follicles may not get the nutrients they need to thrive. Stress-induced habits like nail-biting or even hair-pulling (trichotillomania) can also compound the issue.

Genetic Hair Loss Symptoms: What to Look For


So, how can you tell if your hair loss is genetic or caused by something else? Here are some common signs of androgenetic alopecia:


Receding hairline (especially in men)
Thinning at the crown (common in men)
Overall hair thinning on the top of the scalp (especially in women)
Hair shedding: Finding more hairs on your pillow or in the shower than usual


If you're noticing patchy bald spots, that form on the side of the back of the head, really sudden hair loss, large amounts of shedding over a short period, dryness, or an irritated scalp, your hair loss may be linked to other factors such as stress, alopecia areata or dermatitis. These conditions aren’t usually genetic and often involve different treatments.

Treatment Options: What Can Be Done About Genetic Hair Loss?


While there is no definitive cure for androgenetic alopecia, there are several treatments that can slow down the process or even reverse some of the damage. These treatments focus on either reducing the effect of DHT on hair follicles or stimulating hair regrowth. Here are the most common options:

Minoxidil: This topical treatment is available over-the-counter and works by stimulating hair follicles to promote growth. It’s effective for both men and women, though results can vary. It needs to be applied consistently to maintain benefits.


Finasteride: A prescription medication for men, finasteride works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to DHT, the hormone responsible for follicle shrinkage. It's less commonly used for women due to potential side effects.


Hair transplants: For those with significant hair loss, a hair transplant can provide long-term results. In this procedure, healthy hair follicles from the back of the scalp are transplanted to balding areas. It’s the only permanent solution for genetic hair loss, and advancements in technology have made the procedure more natural-looking than ever.

Beyond the Physical: The Emotional Impact of Hair Loss


As a doctor, I see many patients not only battling hair loss but also struggling with the psychological toll it can take. It’s more than just a cosmetic concern; hair loss can deeply affect a person’s self-esteem and mental well-being. For many, hair is tied to identity, youth, and attractiveness. Losing it, especially at a young age, can lead to anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal.


The emotional impact of hair loss should never be underestimated. If you or someone you know is struggling, it’s important to acknowledge those feelings and seek support—whether that’s through counselling or discussing treatment options with a healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Changes That Can Help


While genetic hair loss can’t be entirely prevented, there are some lifestyle changes you can make to support hair health and potentially slow down the process:


Manage stress: Practising relaxation techniques like mindfulness, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises can reduce stress and the associated hormone production that may worsen hair loss.


Eat a balanced diet: Ensure you're getting enough iron, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and D. These nutrients support hair growth, and deficiencies can lead to hair thinning.


Avoid harsh treatments: Over-styling, frequent use of heat tools, or harsh chemical treatments can damage your hair, making it more prone to breakage and thinning. Opt for gentler hair care routines.

Conclusion


In summary, hair loss is often genetically driven, with the AR gene playing a key role. However, external factors such as stress and diet can exacerbate the condition. The good news is that there are effective treatments available—from topical solutions to hair transplants—that can slow down or even reverse some of the effects. And while hair loss can have a profound emotional impact, seeking support and treatment can help restore both your hair and your confidence. If you're concerned about hair loss, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional who can guide you on the best course of action for your individual needs.

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